The Best Baby Thermometer
Having a good, trustworthy thermometer makes taking a baby’s temperature easier and less traumatic for both baby and parents. If I were buying one thermometer for my baby today, I’d buy the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer. Yes, we are indeed recommending a rectal thermometer–more on that in a bit–because it offers accuracy, reliability and speed at a reasonable price.
After 35 hours of researching 30 models of thermometers priced between $4.50 and $95 and testing 13 of those models on a typically squirmy nine-month-old and a compliant four-year-old, as well as to speaking to pediatricians and a physicist from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer came out on bottom—er, top.
Despite this thermometer besting its competition in our initial testing, we headed back to the drawing board after learning that Safety 1st planned to phase out this model—and so we originally recommended the runner-up, the Safety 1st Advanced Solutions High Speed Rectal Thermometer. However, after receiving three reader complaints about long-term reliability and accuracy, we revisited our research and testing and perused the market to see if any remarkable new models had been released. The landscape hasn’t changed much, as Consumer Reports’ testing hasn’t been updated and the same thermometers top Amazon’s sales (including the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer as the top-selling rectal thermometer). Given that the thermometer remains available for purchase and was solidly the top performer in our testing, we’re now recommending it as the best baby thermometer.
Who Should Buy This?
Expectant parents and parents of babies (especially those younger than three months old, but easily those up to a year old) looking for a reliable means of taking their child’s temperature. It’s pretty much a guarantee that if you have a baby, that baby is going to run a fever at some point (or you’re just going to think your baby is running a fever when in fact everything is fine–because really, parenting = worrying), and you’re going to need to know the specifics of your child’s temperature.
Mercury vs. Digital Thermometers
Growing up, many of us remember our parents using an old-fashioned mercury thermometer on us. While especially accurate for rectal readings (when kids couldn’t run it under hot water or sneak a hot drink before popping a thermometer in their mouth), mercury thermometers came with plenty of downside. Because they were made of glass, they could break fairly easily (especially during the initial shaking down of the mercury prior to temperature taking), potentially exposing family members to the mercury, a potent neurotoxin, inside. They were challenging to read; remember holding them up to the light and searching endlessly for that minute red line? Additionally, they took a damn long time to get an accurate reading (directions on one lodged in a relative’s medicine cabinet required four minutes per reading, which is pretty much an eternity when trying to take a baby’s temperature rectally). The toxicity of the mercury and its contribution to environmental pollution outweighed the accuracy of those thermometers, though, and in recent years, federal and state authorities lobbied to make it impossible to purchase medical mercury thermometers. In 2011, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closed its calibration service for mercury thermometers, which had ensured the accuracy of mercury thermometers used in chemical, pharmaceutical and petroleum facilities, and the closing of which marked the final phase-out of mercury thermometers Inside Science News Service reported. (Note: if you still have a mercury thermometer in your medicine cabinet, the Environmental Protection Agency offers detailed advice of what to do in case of thermometer breakage to keep yourself and your family safe from exposure.)
Even before mercury thermometers were on their way out, digital thermometers were on their way in. While mercury-based thermometers function by the mercury expanding and contracting according to changes in temperature (and thus moving up or down the tiny glass tube in response to temperature changes), digital thermometers designed for oral, rectal or axillary use are typically thermistor-based. Others like tympanic and temporal artery thermometers use infrared technology. Generally speaking, digital thermometers are faster and easier to read, but they may not seem as reliable as the old mercury thermometers (although the NIST says that digital thermometers are in fact superior overall to mercury-based ones). We read endless complaints about inaccuracy of readings, including some thermometers that may consistently read a few degrees high or low (when someone knows their temperature is normal) and others that offer dramatically different readings in a single setting. It’s enough to drive some to return to the simple check with the back of your hand method, but alas, most pediatricians’ offices want specific readings (especially for a baby younger than three months) when you’re calling to request a sick visit.
Which Style of Thermometer Should I Buy?
If you’ve ever Googled baby thermometers, searched for them on Amazon, or walked through a big box store’s thermometer aisle while registering for baby gear, you already know that there are myriad options. Rectal, axillary (armpit), oral, temporal artery (forehead), tympanic (ear), pacifier, disposable strip, non-contact infrared…the list goes on and on. The good news? We can offer you some guidance. The bad news? You might not like what we found.
Rectal thermometers: Sadly for the squeamish, these remain the gold standard in medicine according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the pediatricians with whom we spoke, including Dr. Jennifer Shu, an Atlanta-based pediatrician, medical editor of healthychildren.org (the official parenting website of the American Academy of Pediatrics), and a co-author of Food Fights and Heading Home with Your Newborn. So why should you stick a thermometer up your baby’s bum, despite fearing you’ll puncture something? Because rectal temperature is closest to core body temperature, which is the most accurate assessment of whether or not your baby has a fever. Although healthychildren.org states that rectal temperatures can be taken up to age 3, you may well find that your toddler has no interest in allowing you to do so–which is totally fine. Rectal temperature readings are most important for babies younger than three months, for whom a reading of 100.4 or higher is an indication you should take your baby to the pediatrician for further examination. Although Consumer Reports suggests that for babies younger than three months, “every tenth of a degree counts. The difference between a temperature of 100.3 degrees F and 100.4 degrees F, for example, can determine whether you stay home or take your baby to the emergency room.” But really, if your babe is in the 100-range, just call your doc, advises Dr. Shu, and don’t sweat the tenths of degrees.
Axillary (armpit) thermometers: Useful as a screening tool at any age (less so for babies younger than three months, for whom a temporal artery thermometer is preferred), but less accurate than other methods–and thus not a diagnostic tool, according to healthychildren.org. Don’t rely on axillary readings if you’re concerned your child is sick.
Oral thermometers: These are best left to kids ages four or five and up who can be trusted to leave the thermometer in place under their tongue for the duration of the reading.
Temporal artery thermometers: These are gaining big ground these days in the marketplace, and you may encounter them at your pediatrician’s office. They read the infrared heat waves released by the temporal artery (located just below the skin, across the forehead). They’re currently recommended for use in babies over three months of age (and as a screening tool in babies younger than that), but new research indicates they may be acceptable for use in newborns.
Tympanic thermometers: These read the infrared heat waves released by the eardrum. They’re not considered accurate in babies younger than six months because their ear canal is so tiny. Small, curved ear canals and wax build-up can affect readings, as can improper positioning.
We excluded other types of thermometers like pacifier thermometers, wearable thermometers, and forehead strip thermometers from consideration because they are typically less reliable and are not recommended by the medical community.
What Makes A Good Baby Thermometer?
In a word: Accuracy. Okay, let’s make that two words: Accuracy and consistency. Parents want a thermometer that they can trust the first time and every time they take a reading. Beyond that, good design is key, and for a rectal thermometer, that means a short probe and a design such that it’s nearly impossible to over-insert it into the rectum.
Other features in the category which are nice to have but not must-haves: a memory feature, allowing you to keep track of several of the most recent readings to help track if your child’s temperature is climbing; a large, backlit display (especially helpful for middle-of-the-night readings); an alert to let you know that the reading is complete (or that the unit is positioned correctly) and an auto shut-off feature to preserve battery life.
Features that don’t matter so much? Speed (at least when you’re talking about the difference of mere seconds between thermometers), the ability to take temperatures at multiple sites, e.g., a thermometer that can take oral, rectal and axillary temperatures, given that most docs recommend designating thermometers for a single use (and labelling them as “oral” or “rectal”), and the ability to take the temperature of things other than the body, e.g. bath water or a baby’s bottle. The latter feels more like a party trick when the inside of your wrist will do just fine.
By and large, thermometers were typically $20 or less, with a couple of the non-contact infrared thermometers ringing in around $30 and a few outliers near the $100 mark.
Professional reviews of thermometers was hard to come by. While Consumer Reports had 10 parents each test 10 thermometers on their kids (with a total of 19 children weighing in), the children were age four and up, and no rectal thermometers were tested. Round-ups on Babble and Parenting.com didn’t include many specifics or information about how any testing was done.
How We Tested
After reading thermometer reviews on sites like Consumer Reports, Parenting.com, Babble.com, as well as consumer reviews on Amazon.com and Babies “R” Us, and forums on parenting websites like The Bump, we made two children wish they had a different mother (or at least one who was not researching thermometers) and tested 13 different models.
Luckily, a very kind four-year-old agreed to submit himself to testing (rectal thermometers included).
Without a laboratory on hand, testing proved to be somewhat of a challenge. Initially, we tested each thermometer three times on a nine-month old. While it was helpful to see if each thermometer provided consistent readings, we couldn’t be sure which of those readings, if any, were accurate. On the advice of Michal Chojnacky of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we tried to perform an ice melting point test where the thermometers should have all read 32°F, if accurate. However, we couldn’t get the thermometers to read such low temperatures (for most of them, their range was 95°F to 105°F), so for our particular needs, that test was a failure. Another possible means of thermometer calibration suggested by Chojnacky was to let water come to room temperature and measure that as compared to the thermometers in our test sample. Unfortunately, once we started questioning the accuracy of thermometers, we realized that there weren’t any that we could trust without a doubt to measure the water, compounded by the fact that once again, room temperature water would have been out of the range of our sample thermometers.
Luckily, a very kind four-year-old agreed to submit himself to testing (rectal thermometers included). He remained lying down and still throughout the testing, so as to minimize any changes in body temperature. We measured his rectal temperature using a mercury thermometer for four minutes at the beginning and again at the end of the testing session and got the same reading both times (97.4°F). In between those readings, we took his temperature three times with each sample thermometer.
Although we considered the mercury thermometer a likely reliable means of comparison, we were unsure of when it had been calibrated last, so as a final step in testing, we tried to test the accuracy of the thermometers by boiling water and then testing the thermometers as the water neared 100°F as it cooled, as measured by an infrared thermometer provided by another editor. (The IR thermometer measured the surface temperature of the water, while our thermometers measured the temperature of the water about ¼- to ½-inch below the surface–which had been stirred immediately prior to measuring, in order to minimize any differences in temperature throughout the water.) Michal Chojnacky of the NIST cautioned that infrared thermometers may be less reliable than others for this type of measurement because, “It’s very difficult to get a reproducible measurement because of the color, how shiny the target is… You’re going to get a different answer. [Infrared] thermometers have a very specific use for high temperatures like melting steel where you can’t use a contact thermometer.”
Despite not having access to the certainty of testing a laboratory would provide, we were able to come to some conclusions. For example, we found that some thermometers were more accurate (at least when compared to the mercury thermometer and the infrared thermometer used for comparison) and more consistent than others. We also determined that the most basic models were often the easiest to use because they were straightforward and didn’t require scrolling through different options while trying to soothe a fussy baby.
Our Pick
Specifications
- Weight: 0.8 ounces
- Batteries: 1 Lithium battery (included)
- Tip: Flexible with insertion guard
- Reading Time: 8 seconds
After several rounds of testing, we found that the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer performed the best. First and foremost, it provided accurate and consistent readings (97.8°F, 97.7°F, and 97.8°F as compared to 97.4°F read by the mercury thermometer) quickly (within eight seconds).
Beyond its ever-important accuracy, the thermometer has a simple but smart design: its shape prevents over-insertion into the rectum and the small portion that does get inserted has a “comfort tip,” making the short probe flexible up to a 45-degree angle and therefore less uncomfortable for baby. It also has a simple On/Off button, making it intuitive to use (which is especially helpful for those middle-of-the-night readings when you don’t want to have to try to remember which button to press to get the kind of reading you need). It recalls the most recent temperature reading and can measure in Fahrenheit or Celsius; changing between the two is as simple as holding down the On/Off button for two seconds and then selecting your preferred measurement scale.
The included battery should last through approximately 2,000 temperature readings according to the manual, however some Amazon users have complained that their models arrived without any battery life at all or died shortly after its first use. To let you know that the battery (LR41 button cell battery) is dying, a downward-pointing triangle will appear in the lower right of the display. display half a battery and flash–but according to the product manual, it should still provide a minimum of 20 more measurements. The manual says that it is accurate to 0.2°F between 96°F to 107°F, and it has a measurement range of 90°F to 107°F.
It comes with a one-year limited warranty. At less than $9 (on Amazon), we think it’s worth it to invest in a rectal thermometer, even if you only use it for baby’s first year.
Who Else Likes It?
On Amazon, the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer is the top-selling rectal thermometer and receives 3.8 out of 5 stars with 155 reviewers weighing in from as far back as December 2011.
BabyGearLab also recommends it as their top pick.
Also Great
Vicks Baby Rectal Thermometer
If you’d rather go for a model that’s been around for longer, we also recommend the Vicks Baby Rectal Thermometer, which receives an average of 3.6 out of 5 stars from 312 reviews on Amazon, the oldest of which dates to 2005. Like the Safety 1st thermometer, it is also designed to prevent over-insertion, comes with a flexible tip, and has a simple, straightforward functionality, providing a reading within 10 seconds. Some users complain of poor battery life and that it’s not waterproof (but the directions state that it should not be submerged; only the sensor area of the thermometer should be washed with soap and water). A recent reviewer (October 2013) wrote, “My little one is 19 months and this thermometer has been great ...very accurate. You do not have to be concerned about using it incorrectly. I have not had problems washing mine like other moms. I typically put water and soap on tissue to wash it down really well. I highly recommend it!” In our comparison against the mercury thermometer (97.4°F), we got readings of 97.0°F, 96.4°F and 96.1°F. It comes with a lifetime warranty, which beats that of Safety 1st--and comes in handy if you’ll have this around for a few years with multiple kids. According to the product manual, the battery (a long life battery; type SR41) should last for more than 200 hours of continuous operation (an upside down triangle will appear in the lower right of the display when the battery needs to be replaced). It should read within 0.2°F between 96°F and 107°F at a room temperature of 71°F, and it has a temperature range of 90.0°F to 109.9°F. Finally, it has a backlit LCD display and comes at a comparable price of $11.
The step up
Exergen Temporal Scanner TAT-2000C
If you truly cannot bring yourself to use a rectal thermometer, or your baby is old enough to reliably use another style of thermometer, there are other good options available.
The Exergen Temporal Scanner TAT-2000C is no doubt one of the most popular thermometers on the market today (currently the second-best selling health thermometer on Amazon)--in fact, it’s one we owned personally before any of this research began. It gets a 4.1 out of 5 stars on Amazon with a whopping 1,028 reviews. Again, these are not currently recommended for use on babies younger than three months. Obviously, one of its main benefits is that it is non-invasive--however, we still found it challenging to use on an awake baby (although the product manual explains that if a child squirms away before a measurement has been completed, keeping the button depressed will allow you to continue the measurement without having to wait). It recommends waiting about 30 seconds in between readings to “avoid excessive cooling of the skin.” The screen is now backlit (older models were not), making for easier middle-of-the-night readings. It takes a 9-volt battery, which makes replacing them easy, and comes with a one-year warranty. Unfortunately, user error is easy--lots of people swipe from the middle of the forehead down to the temple, but the directions instruct users to swipe from the center of the forehead directly across to the hairline (not down the side of the face, which can lead to falsely low readings because of how much deeper the temporal artery is there). Additionally, if your child is visibly sweaty, you won’t be able to get an accurate reading--which can be a challenge if a child is especially feverish (although can take a reading behind the ear lobe as an alternative in that case). It’s also more expensive than rectal thermometers at $28.
If your babe is over six months old, the Braun Thermoscan Ear Thermometer may be another good choice for you. It’s the top selling ear thermometer on Amazon, with 783 reviews and 4.7 out of 5 stars. We found it easy to use, fast, accurate and consistent--just not meant for super young babies because of their small ear canals. It’s a pricier choice ($40), and it requires disposable lens filters (although it comes with 21 in the box; a box of 40 will run you $6). Unfortunately, the screen isn’t backlit, though--which does make middle-of-the-night temperature readings more challenging.
Braun Thermoscan Ear Thermometer
If your babe is over six months old, the Braun Thermoscan Ear Thermometer may be another good choice for you. It’s the top selling ear thermometer on Amazon, with 783 reviews and 4.7 out of 5 stars. We found it easy to use, fast, accurate and consistent--just not meant for super young babies because of their small ear canals. It’s a pricier choice ($85), and it requires disposable lens filters (although it comes with 21 in the box; a box of 40 will run you $6). Unfortunately, the screen isn’t backlit, though--which does make middle-of-the-night temperature readings more challenging.
The Competition
We considered these alternatives from manufacturers, but can’t recommend them.
- Safety 1st Advanced Solutions High Speed Rectal Thermometer — This was our initial top pick, but we’ve stopped recommending it following three reader complaints regarding long-term accuracy and reliability.
- Vicks V977 Forehead Thermometer — Although this was Consumer Reports’ top pick, when we requested a sample for testing, we were informed that it was in limited distribution and was being phased out.
- Braun Forehead Thermometer — We had a hard time getting the timing right on this one; it requires swiping from the center of the forehead to the temple and back and we never managed to time it correctly to get it back and forth before the confirmation beep, despite numerous attempts. The instructions indicate that swiping too fast or too slow can impact the accuracy of the reading, so this one just didn’t work well for us.
- Safety 1st Advanced Solutions Easy Read 4-in-1 Thermometer — Although this thermometer had an easy-to-read big screen (a plus for tired parents’ eyes!), it didn’t perform as well in testing as some of the others.
- Safety 1st Advanced Solutions Family Thermometer — At the start of our testing, we got several error messages. Once we were able to get a reading, the second reading was two degrees higher than the first, despite waiting just a minute in between readings, as directed in the product manual. In the comparison against the mercury thermometer, readings were consistently two degrees lower than the mercury reading. It is also a little too easy to turn it on (brushing up against just about anything made it beep and turn on). Finally, it’s big and bulky and would take up more space than a thermometer should in a medicine cabinet.
- Vicks Behind Ear Gentle Touch Thermometer — Numerous online reviewers indicate that it’s challenging to find the right spot behind the ear to get an accurate reading. We found this in our testing as well–especially when the nine-month-old kept turning her head toward the thermometer, thus moving its position. Finally, it gave us error messages on several occasions, despite seemingly correct positioning.
- Vicks SpeedRead Digital Thermometer — Sadly, we could never get this one to turn on. Ever. And given online user reviews with battery complaints, we weren’t that surprised.
- Vicks Comfort Flex Digital Thermometer — While this particular thermometer performed relatively well for us, it would be easy to insert it too far into the rectum (and given how much babies may squirm during a rectal temperature reading, we know how easy that is to do). But it received an especially poor rating from Consumer Reports (the lowest of all tested) for accuracy and repeatability, and user reviews are pretty negative (1.8 out of 5 stars on Amazon).
- SantaMedical Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer — Gets decent reviews and performed well enough in our home testing (although aiming just a tiny bit off led to a jump of more than a degree between readings), but it’s less intuitive to use and requires reading the manual a couple of times over–something no parent wants to have to do when they’ve got a sick kid on hand.
- VeraTemp Non-Contact Thermometer — Performed consistently and seemingly accurately in home testing, but unit shuts off so quickly that it had often turned itself off by the time we had cycled through the modes to get to “Body” (it also reads “Room” and “Surface Temp”) and gotten the unit into the correct position two to three inches away from the baby’s forehead, which made for a very frustrating cycle.
- The First Years American Red Cross Soothing Touch Temporal Thermometer — Numerous negative user reviews about inconsistency led us to dismiss this model.
- Graco 1 Second Ear Thermometer — Poor reviews (including mentions of it as “garbage” and “junk”) left this thermometer out of the running.
- Safety 1st’s Baby’s 1st 3 in 1 Thermometer — Its design allows for over-insertion (despite a gauge for guidance–but that gauge doesn’t actually prevent it from going in too far).
- The First Years American Red Cross 5-Second Rectal Thermometer — Negative reviews about inconsistency led us to discount this model.
- Safety 1st Digital Pacifier Thermometer — Pacifier thermometers are generally considered less accurate than other styles of thermometers, but we had hoped to give one a try for parents whose babies are paci-lovers. Unfortunately, when we requested a sample, we learned this model is being phased out.
- Thermofocus BV-1500 “5 in 1” Family Fever Thermometer — A hefty price tag ($94.99) and mixed reviews steered us clear of this model.
- A number of other basic flexible and rigid tip thermometers were excluded because of their design, e.g. this one from CVS, which was rated fairly well by Consumer Reports. Given how concerned most new parents are about inserting a thermometer too deeply (and how important doctors consider rectal temperature measurements in the very young), we wanted to stick with rectal thermometers designed with a short probe, making them impossible to insert too far.
Care, Use, Maintenance, and Repair
It should go without saying that it’s important to clean rectal thermometers after use, with either rubbing alcohol or lukewarm soapy water, followed by a cool water rinse (check your individual product manual for specific instructions). Other than that, all they should require is an occasional battery change.
What To Look Forward To
If temporal artery thermometers continue to show solid results in clinical studies, medical bodies like the American Academy of Pediatrics may eventually revise their recommendations and allow for their use in infants younger than three months.
Wrapping It Up
Given the home testing we were able to do (as opposed to the laboratory testing we’d like to do), the Safety 1st Gentle Read Rectal Thermometer is our current pick for the best baby thermometer from the newborn stage through infancy. Easy to use, accurate, consistent, and well-designed, we think you (and your baby) will be happy with it–at least as happy as a rectal thermometer can conceivably make a person.
Sources
- Peter Gwynne, Mercury Thermometers Face Final Phase Out, Inside Science News Service, February 25, 2011, Peter Gwynne, Mercury Thermometers Face Final Phase Out, Inside Science News Service, February 25, 2011.
- Mercury Releases and Spills, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Last updated July 24, 2013, Mercury Releases and Spills, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Last updated July 24, 2013
- Mercury Thermometer Alternatives, NIST.gov, Last updated August 7, 2012
- “Dr. Charles”, What Is the Best Type of Infant Thermometer?, KevinMD.com, August 4, 2011
- Thermometers: Understand the Options, MayoClinic.com, October 23, 2012
- Thermometer Basics: Taking Your Child’s Temperature, MayoClinic.com, December 6, 2012
- Jennifer Shu, Jennifer Shu, Interview, Pediatrician, author and medical editor of HealthyChildren.org, September 9, 2013
- Sam Kean, The Sort of Sad Death of the Mercury Thermometer, Slate, March 1, 2011
- Michal Chojnacky, Interview, Physicist in the Sensor Science Division of the Thermodynamic Metrology Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 11, 2013
- Video: Ice Point Calibration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Uploaded December 13, 2012
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Carla Kemp, Temporal artery thermometers may rival rectal thermometers in ED, AAP News, Vol. 34, No. 4, April 2013, A brief summary of a study done of 100 patients ages 2 to 12 years old in a pediatric emergency department in India (published in Pediatric Emergency Care, 2013;29:63-66):
“The authors concluded that temporal artery thermometry has the potential to replace rectal thermometry among ED patients ages 2-12 years old. Further studies should examine the accuracy of these thermometers in patients younger than 2 years of age and those with hypothermia.” - Thermometers, Consumer Reports, Last updated April 2012
- Kate Bayless, Babble Reviews the Best Thermometers for Kids and Family, Babble.com, March 10, 2009
- Patty Onderko, Thermometers for Kids, Parenting.com
- Heidi Stephens, Which Thermometer Is Best?, Chicago Tribune, February 1, 2012
- How to Take a Child’s Temperature, HealthyChildren.org, Last updated November 1, 2013
- Position Statement for Measurement of Temperature/Fever in Children, Society of Pediatric Nurses, Drafted December 2007; Approved by the Board February 2008, “Because of a greater degree of variance accuracy, the temporal artery method should not be used with infants 90 days or younger who are ill, have a fever, or an ill diagnosis. The rectal method should be used for these infants unless contraindicated by diagnosis (e.g., GI/rectal bleeding, prematurity, oncology diagnosis). When the use of a rectal temperature method is contraindicated by diagnosis, the axillary method should be used. The temporal artery method can reliably be used in infants less than 90 days old without fever as well as for all patients greater than 3 months of age with or without fever, ill or well. In children 6 months of age or older, the tympanic or oral methods may be used with correct positioning of the ear (tympanic) and if the patient can cooperate (oral).”
- Carie A. Braun, PhD, RN, Accuracy of Pacifier Thermometers in Young Children, Pediatr Nurs., 2006; 32(5):413-418
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How to Buy a Thermometer, BabyCenter.com, Last updated September 2013, How to Buy a Thermometer, BabyCenter.com, Last updated September 2013
- Q+A: What’s the Best Way to Clean a Thermometer?, Parents.com, Orignally published in the November 2008 issue of Parents magazine, Q+A: What’s the Best Way to Clean a Thermometer?, Parents.com, Orignally published in the November 2008 issue of Parents magazine
- Kourtlyn Lott, Photo: "Sick Baby Girl", Flickr, October 4th, 2011
